What do entomologists do? Most people don't know what it means to be an entomologist. A great deal of research on arthropods is conducted behind the scenes at the National Museum of Natural History. Entomologists collect insects, identify new species, and investigate their evolutionary relationships and their relationships with the rest of the natural world by collecting data in the field and studying one of the world's largest insect collections. In an effort to bring our science to the public, a changing exhibit highlights individual Smithsonian entomologists and their research.